The warning system model is based on weekly observations of oviposition by the brassica root flies [CITATION Bli991 \l 1044 ]. The model is based in its entirety on observations, with no input of weather data or weather forecasts. The model does not distinguish between the cabbage maggot and the turnip fly. The observations consist of collecting sand from the base of 10 plants and floating the eggs in water. The counts are registered in VIPS and the mean number of eggs is calculated. The observations are compared to damage thresholds [CITATION Bli99 \l 1044 ] and warnings are calculated.
The damage thresholds are related to the plants developmental stage and tell how many eggs that can be on a plant before there will be a reduction in growth and yield. VIPS presents two warning system models based on damage thresholds: one for newly planted cabbage and one for cabbage that has been in the field more than 4 weeks. The model can also be set up as a private warning for the farmer’s own field, in which case the model will vary between the two different damage thresholds based on the age of the cabbage crop (starting at the time of planting).
The warning system model is only valid for cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. The damage threshold for cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli the first 4 weeks after planting is 14 eggs per plant per week. After 4 weeks the damage threshold changes to 40 eggs per plant per week. Damage thresholds have not been determined for other crucifers.
The model is adapted for VIPS by Dr. Richard Meadow.
Green rectangles indicate that the damage threshold for newly planted cabbage (14 eggs/plant) has not been reached and control measures are not needed.
Red rectangles indicate that the damage threshold for newly planted cabbage (14 eggs/plant) has been reached and it may be necessary to use control measures. The field should be checked to evaluate whether treatment is necessary.
This model does not use yellow rectangles. The warning goes directly from green to red when the damage threshold is exceeded.
Blue rectangles indicate that there are missing observations. An observation is valid for 8 days. If there are more than 8 days before a new observation is registered in the system, the model will give a blue warning.
The damage thresholds are related to the plants developmental stage and tell how many eggs that can be on a plant before there will be a reduction in growth and yield. VIPS presents two warning system models based on damage thresholds: one for newly planted cabbage and one for cabbage that has been in the field more than 4 weeks.
The level of attack will vary from field to field and we therefore recommend observations in the farmer’s own field in addition.
The warning should tell the best time for treatment in relation to the damage thresholds. If the number of eggs registered exceeds the damage threshold, treatment against the maggots is recommended, if the plants are not protected by other means. Observe the ”days-to-harvest”. If the seeds (cauliflower or broccoli) were treated against maggots, treatment early in the season is not necessary.
Starting point: Registration of eggs and warning usually begins in April/May depending on the temperature and sowing/planting time in the region.
Ending: The registrations continue until the end of the growing season.
The damage thresholds that are the basis of the model are used in Norwegian cabbage growing. The model has not been validated.
The damage thresholds that are the basis of the model are based on research in Denmark and Norway. The extent of their current use in Denmark is not known.
Bligaard, J. (1999). Damage Thresholds for Cabbage Root Fly [Delia radicum (L.)] in Cauliflower. Assessed from Pot Experiments. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science , 49(1), pp. 57-64. doi:10.1080/09064719950135713
Bligaard, J., Meadow, R. , Nielsen, O., & Percy-Smith, A. (1999). Evaluation of felt traps to estimate egg numbers of cabbage root fly, Delia radicum, and turnip root fly, Delia floralis in commercial crops. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 90, pp. 141–148. doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1999.00432.x
Contacts: Annette F. Schjøll annette.folkedal.schjoll@nibio.no
Tor J. Johansen tor.johansen@nibio.no
Information about registration of oviposition by cabbage maggots and turnip flies: http://www.vips-landbruk.no/media/attachments/information/RegEggKalflue2016.pdf
Plantevernleksikonet: https://www.plantevernleksikonet.no/l/oppslag/338/
Note that the warning system model is only valid for cabbage, cauliflower and broccoli. Damage thresholds have not been determined for other crucifers. The level of attack will vary from field to field and we therefore recommend observations in the farmer’s own field.If the seeds (cauliflower or broccoli) were treated against maggots, treatment early in the season is not necessary.
The columns in the graph show the mean number of eggs per plant (based on egg counts from 10 plants). The damage threshold for newly planted cabbage is shown as a horizontal line. When the column for number of eggs crosses the line for the damage threshold, the warning changes from green to red. The background color is blue when valid observations are missing.
When the warning status is green, the damage threshold has not been reached and control measures are not needed.
When the warning status is red, the damage threshold has been exceeded and it may be necessary to use control measures. The field should be checked to evaluate whether treatment is necessary.
When the warning status is blue there are missing observations. An observation is valid for 8 days. If there are more than 8 days before a new observation is registered in the system, the model will give a blue warning.
Description of required input parameters:
* timeZone - What timezone the calculation is for. See this list of time zones: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_database_time_zones (Column "TZ")
* startDateGrowth - when the crop was planted
* endDateCalculation - when the season is over
* pestObservations - Array of field observations of the pest, formatted as described in the sample configuration
The model accepts input data without pestObservations - as an empty array.
This is technical info for model and web developers
{
"loginInfo":{
"username":"example",
"password":"example"
},
"modelId":"DELIARFOBS",
"configParameters":{
"timeZone":"Europe/Oslo",
"startDateGrowth":"2012-03-25",
"endDateCalculation":"2012-05-25",
"pestObservations":[
{
"timeOfObservation":"2012-04-20T00:00:00+02:00",
"observationData":{
"counting01":3,
"counting02":2,
"counting03":3,
"counting04":4,
"counting05":0,
"counting06":0,
"counting07":0,
"counting08":0,
"counting09":0,
"counting10":0
}
"},
{
"timeOfObservation":"2012-04-25T00:00:00+02:00",
"observationData":{
"counting01":30,
"counting02":18,
"counting03":13,
"counting04":14,
"counting05":25,
"counting06":20,
"counting07":9,
"counting08":15,
"counting09":21,
"counting10":21
}
"}
]
}
}